The 2018 lower Puna eruption was a volcanic event on the island of Hawaiʻi, on Kīlauea volcano's East Rift Zone that began on May 3, 2018. It is related to the larger eruption of Kīlauea that began on January 3, 1983, though some volcanologists and USGS scientists have discussed whether to classify it as a new eruption.[2] Outbreaks of lava fountains up to 300 feet (90 m) high, lava flows, and volcanic gas in the Leilani Estates subdivision were preceded by earthquakes and ground deformation that created cracks in the roads.
On April 30, 2018, the crater floor of the cone of Puʻu ʻŌʻō collapsed and the summit lava lake level in Halemaʻumaʻu dropped significantly. In the first two days of May, hundreds of small earthquakes were detected on Kīlauea's East rift zone, leading officials to issue evacuation warnings for some residents of the Puna District.[19] On May 2, 2018, the US Geological Survey reported that ground deformation resulting from magma intruding beneath the Leilani Estates subdivision had caused ground cracks to form on roads in and around the subdivision.[20][21]
Crack Birdseye Satellite 12
On May 3, 2018, after a 5.0 earthquake earlier in the day, steaming ground cracks opened in Leilani Estates and began to spew lava, causing evacuations of the Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens subdivisions.[23][24] The outbreak marked the beginning of the 62nd episode of the east rift zone eruption that began in January 1983.[24] That evening, Hawaii Governor David Ige activated the state National Guard to help with the evacuation process.[25]
Temporary repair works were conducted for sections of Highway 11 (near Volcano Village and the entrance to Volcanoes National Park) and Highway 130 (connecting much of lower Puna to the rest of the island), which suffered cracks from seismic activities over the months, and have been subject to restricted use due to the extent of their damage.[85] Chain of Craters Road, which has previously been partially covered by past lava flows, had also been prepared as an alternate escape route should Highway 130 be blocked by the current eruption, a measure previously taken during the 2014 Pāhoa lava flow.[86]
Whether you're trying to capture the crack of a bat hitting a homer or the fast-paced swoosh of skis hitting the slopes, you'll want a camera that can record every moment. Though your smartphone is great in a pinch, a dedicated video camera can take your sports videos to the next level. You'll want to make sure your camera has high frame rate options to capture the action smoothly or add slow-motion flourishes. In-body image stabilization (IBIS) can also be a big help if you're shooting handheld and want to minimize camera shake. Watch out for cameras with heavy rolling shutter distortion, which can be distracting if you find yourself panning the camera a lot. Of course, all of that is moot if the camera's autofocus can't even keep up with your subjects. Thankfully, mirrorless cameras have gotten more and more video-capable, so you're sure to find something that fits your needs and budget.
To reveal textures and identify defects, inspectors use a lighting technique that creates shadows in asperities. Reproducing this technique with our new oblique lighting systems, looking for pitting, cracks, or build-ups becomes as natural as doing it with a flashlight.
The GPSMAP 66i is Garmin's top-of-the-line handheld GPS unit with InReach satellite communications built-in. It's a solid device built for outdoor use and navigation. I've logged months of testing and use for this Garmin GPSMAP 66i review, and while it's a solid unit, it's also probably not for everyone. In this review I'll give you my thoughts on what works and what doesn't, I'll compare it to devices like the InReach Explorer, I'll give you my recommendations for the 66i, and I'll show you how to use the device.
I literally just returned from the Colorado Trail segments 2, 3, and 4 where this device performed flawlessly in a wide array of environmental conditions ranging from direct sun to snow and rain. I had no trouble getting messages out in canyons, I experienced quick satellite acquisition, and I had excellent navigation results with the high-resolution maps preloaded on the unit. - REI Reviewer
So which one should you get? If you're just looking for a satellite communicator with long battery life, go with the InReach Explorer. I saw a decent amount on thru-hikers using the Explorer this year and I suspect this is why. You can tell friends and family that you're safe, and you can also take a look at your GPS position on a map. Just those two things alone are really powerful tools in a small package.
This one is more straightforward. If you just need a satellite communicator and already have a GPS or smartphone that you navigate with, then get the InReach Mini (full review here). It's a great unit that is cheaper, small, and light. You can perform navigation with it when you pair it with a smartphone and the Earthmate app. But you don't even really need to do that since most phones have a GPS built-in anyway.
So that seems that the phone is a no-brainer, but the one fatal flaw of the smartphone is that it's not built for rugged backcountry use. Try using a touchscreen in the rain. Try looking at the small writing on navigation app screens when you have mild snow or sun blindness. The big buttons and simple interface of the GPSMAP have their advantages in the right situation. What happens when the phone drops and the screen cracks? Or when the battery dies because you forgot to put it in flight mode?
A big attraction of the GPSMAP 66i for folks, especially people upgrading from other Garmin handhelds, is the InReach satellite communicator functionality. With the InReach service enabled, you can send and receive text messages using the Iridium satellite network which works on 100% of the earth, including Antartica (confirmed by a reader!). This means that when you're out of cell phone range, the 66i will still allow you two-way communications with the outside world.
Make sure you spend time setting up your presets, contacts, and quick text on the explore.garmin.com site before you go out in the field. You also need to sync the device with the Garmin Explore smartphone app to send the messages and contacts to your 66i. It does not sync over the Iridium satellite network.
Since the InReach uses satellites, you can be as far away from other InReach users as you want. This comes in handy when you're with a group of hikers going at different speeds. I've used this before when I've been ahead, found a good place to camp, and wanted to message the location to others. We had set up presets beforehand and it was all done in a matter of seconds.
Unlike other Garmin InReach devices, the 66i does not offer satellite weather reports. This will be addressed in a future release of the firmware and I have to say this was a bit of a shocker. Other InReach devices all shipped initially with this feature working and enabled. It's a great feature of the InReach family and I don't know why the product was released without it.
Whenever I'd get frustrated with (any of) my InReach, I have to remind myself that I'm communicating with a satellite in space using a small piece of plastic and metal in my hand. It doesn't work like a cell phone. That said, I've found wildly variable performance with the GPSMAP 66i, which is almost identical to the performance of the Explorer and Mini. For example, I've been on the top of Half Dome, clear line of sight in 360 degrees, and a message has failed to send. Then for this article I've been inside the middle of my house, in the bathroom, and the message has gone through in a couple of minutes. The best that I can tell you from lots of use is that it's variable and we don't know all the variants. I'd say being outside with a clear line of sight to the sky usually helps. I've been surprised by how fast some messages get sent. Usually the 66i will get them out within a few minutes.
GPS performance really shines on the GPSMAP 66i. I find that I can get a GPS fix within seconds after (a quick) power-on. I often have about a 8-12 foot accuracy. The positioning system uses the standard 24 (USA-run) GPS satellites and also the European Galileo satellite constellation, with 20 satellites currently online and an expected total of 30 in 2020. So the GPSMAP 66i can potentially access 40-50 satellites to get a position fix. In general the more satellites you can fix, the more accurate your position.
The 66i also has WAAS/EGNOS. What is that you ask? It's a supplemental signal that corrects for GPS signal errors caused by ionospheric disturbances, timing and satellite orbit errors. It adds another level of accuracy to the unit. You can also switch it off if you don't want to use it.
The GPSMAP 66i comes loaded with Garmin TopoActive (100k) maps and also comes with a (free) subscription to Garmin Birdseye imagery (satellite photos). These maps are routable and include decent trail coverage, much better than they were just a few years ago. But TopoActive maps definitely don't include all the trails that are out there. The preloaded map also includes thousands of points-of-interest like campgrounds, geographic features, restaurants, etc.
I used the Birdseye maps in the field a few times to see what they were like and satellite imagery just isn't great on a small screen like this. Satellite imagery is much better when planning, and if you're planning, I found the Google satellite photos to be a much higher resolution and more up to date. And if you use a tool like CalTopo, you can even download recent satellite photos to get current conditions.
The body is finished in Sienna Black Metallic (170) which is unique to all Sak's Fifth Avenue editions. Features include integrated directional fog lamps, bi-xenon headlamps, a heated windshield washer system, a power-operated glass sunroof, and an AMG styling package boasting a sculpted front spoiler, side skirts, rear apron, and dual AMG exhaust outlets. The front bumper shows lights scuffs at the bottom of the front lip. The blue-tinted glass remains original and free from chips, cracks, or scratches and features rear defrost. 2ff7e9595c
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